深圳故事｜“十年磨一剑”：从无到有的深圳地铁

“十年磨一剑”：从无到有的深圳地铁

Shenzhen Metro that grew from nothing

建立经济特区后，深圳的经济、人口得到迅速发展，又因为毗邻香港，两地交流频繁，过境客流量剧增。为缓解交通压力，满足旅客过境需求，深圳市政府一直酝酿建设一条大容量快速轨道交通。

Since the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Shenzhen’s economy and population have grown rapidly. Because of the city’s proximity to Hong Kong, there are frequent exchanges between the two places, and the number of transit passengers has increased dramatically. To ease the traffic pressure and meet the needs of transit passengers, the Shenzhen government planned and has been building a large-capacity rail rapid transit system. Here we take a brief look at the origins of one of the world’s modern rapid transit systems.

 

1992年7月，深圳市开始筹建地铁。1998年5月，国务院、国家计委批复深圳地铁一期工程项目建议书，深圳获准开展前期工作。

In July 1992, Shenzhen began to prepare for the construction of the Metro. In May 1998, the Shenzhen Metro Phase I project proposal was approved by the State Council and the State Planning Commission and Shenzhen was allowed to carry out preliminary work.

 

地铁一期工程计划建设正线全长14.825双线公里，设车站14座。其中，1号线东起罗湖站，经深南大道至香蜜湖站，线路长10.682公里；4号线南起皇岗站，穿过市中心区至水晶岛站，线路长4.143双线公里。建设总工期安排4年6个月。

The first phase of the Metro project was expected to have a length of 14.825 kilometers, with 14 stations along the way. Among them, the east section of Line 1, with a length of 10.682 kilometers, ran from Luohu Station to Xiangmihu Station through Shennan Boulevard; the south section of Line 4, with a length of 4.143 kilometers, ran from Huanggang Station to Shuijingdao Station. The total construction period was scheduled to be four years and six months.

 

为节省建设投资成本，提高地铁运营效益，2000年5月，深圳市政府同意地铁1号线向西延伸至会展中心站（当时的会展中心规划选址于侨城东路与白石路交界处，会展中心站后改名为侨城东站），增设车公庙、竹子林、会展中心3座车站。2002年5月，国家计委同意深圳地铁一期1号线自侨城东站西延至世界之窗站，增设车站2座。

In May 2000, to save costs and improve the operational efficiency, the Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government agreed to extend Line 1 westward to Convention and Exhibition Center Station (the Convention and Exhibition Center was planned to be built at the junction of Qiaocheng Road East and Baishi Road, and the Convention and Exhibition Center station was later renamed Qiaocheng East Station), with three additional stations to be built, namely Chegongmiao, Zhuzilin and Convention and Exhibition Center stations. In May 2002, the State Planning Commission agreed to extend Line 1 westward from Qiaocheng East Station to Window of the World Station, with two additional stations to be built.

2004年12月28日，深圳地铁一期工程通车典礼。

On December 28, 2004, the opening ceremony of the Phase I project of the Shenzhen Metro.

2004年12月28日，万众期盼的深圳地铁一期工程全线开通并试运营。地铁一期工程由1号线（罗湖口岸站至世界之窗站）和4号线（福田口岸站至少年宫站）组成，线路全程21.866公里，共设置20个车站。

On December 28, 2004, the much-awaited Phase I project of Shenzhen Metro was completed and started its trial operation. The Phase I project, which had a total length of 21.866 kilometers and 20 stations, included the east section of Line 1 (Luohu Checkpoint Station to Window of the World Station) and the south section of Line 4 (Futian Checkpoint Station to Children’s Palace Station).

 

从此，深圳正式进入了地铁时代。

That was the beginning of Shenzhen’s official entry into its metro rapid transit era.

深圳故事｜首家投资深圳的“世界500强企业”，原来是它

首家投资深圳的“世界500强企业”，原来是它

The first Fortune Global 500 company that invested in Shenzhen

深圳市计划委员会《关于深圳市罐头厂与美国百事可乐国际有限公司合作建设深圳市饮乐汽水厂的通知》

The Notice on the Cooperation between the Shenzhen Cannery and PepsiCo, Inc. for the Construction of the Shenzhen Yinle Soda Plant issued by the Shenzhen Municipal Planning Commission.

这是1981年深圳市计划委员会发布的《关于深圳市罐头厂与美国百事可乐国际有限公司合作建设深圳市饮乐汽水厂的通知》，文件中提到的“百事可乐汽水厂”，就是深圳市饮乐汽水厂，它是百事可乐公司进驻中国的“首站”。

This is the Notice on the Cooperation between the Shenzhen Cannery and PepsiCo, Inc. for the Construction of the Shenzhen Yinle Soda Plant issued by the Shenzhen Municipal Planning Commission in 1981. The “Pepsi Cola Plant” mentioned in the document refers to the Shenzhen Yinle Soda Plant, which was the first cooperation project that signified the presence of PepsiCo, Inc. in Shenzhen.

 

1981年2月，百事可乐公司和深圳罐头厂正式签约建立深圳市饮乐汽水厂，百事可乐公司成为首家投资深圳的“世界500强企业”。

In February 1981, PepsiCo, Inc. and the Shenzhen Cannery officially signed a contract to set up the Shenzhen Yinle Soda Plant and thus PepsiCo, Inc. became the first Fortune Global 500 company that invested in Shenzhen.

 

您知道1982年生产的首批百事可乐价格是多少吗？

Do you know the price of the first batch of Pepsi cola produced in 1982?

 

1982年，深圳市物价局批复市饮乐汽水厂的销售价格为12安士（即355克重）瓶装，每箱零售价7.2元（每瓶0.3元），罐装每箱零售价13.2元（每罐0.55元）。

In 1982, the Shenzhen Municipal Pricing Bureau priced bottled cola weighing 12oz (355g) at 7.2 yuan per case (0.3 yuan per bottle) and canned cola at 13.2 yuan per case (0.55 yuan per can) for the Shenzhen Yinle Soda Plant.

 

1985年，百事可乐第一次上调销售价格，12安士瓶装每瓶零售价从0.3元调整到0.4元，之后每一两年上调一次价格。

In 1985, the sales price of Pepsi cola witnessed its increase for the first time, with the retail price per bottle of 12oz rising from 0.3 yuan to 0.4 yuan and subsequent increases every one or two years.

 

0.4元在1985年是什么概念呢？1985年，深圳鸡蛋每公斤3.538元，青岛1.28斤啤酒每瓶2.178元。因为价格便宜和“洋品牌”效应，百事可乐一进驻中国市场，就受到了国内消费者的普遍关注。

How much was 0.4 yuan worth in Shenzhen in 1985? Eggs cost 3.538 yuan per kilogram and bottled Tsingtao beer weighing 0.64 kilogram cost 2.178 yuan per bottle. Thanks to its low price and the “foreign brand” effect, Pepsi cola became an item of common interest of domestic consumers upon its arrival in China.

 

深圳市饮乐汽水厂在1985年创造了全年370万箱的产量，总产值达3641万人民币，上缴税收469万元。同年，深圳市饮乐汽水厂获得百事可乐公司在北太平洋地区的冠军奖。

In 1985, the Shenzhen Yinle Soda Plant produced 3.7 million cases of cola, with a total output value of 36.41 million yuan and the tax paid reaching 4.69 million yuan. In the same year, the plant won the Champion Award of PepsiCo in the North Pacific region.

饮乐汽水厂车间

The workshop of the Shenzhen Yinle Soda Plant.

1996年2月底，深圳罐头厂与百事可乐公司的合作经营到期。基于双方的友好合作，1995年12月1日，深圳市深宝实业股份有限公司（前身为深圳罐头厂）与百事（中国）投资有限公司签订合资经营“深圳百事可乐饮料有限公司”的合同，并于12月15日获批。1996年，深圳百事可乐饮料有限公司正式开始运营。

At the end of February 1996, the cooperation contract between the Shenzhen Cannery and PepsiCo, Inc. expired. Based on previous cooperation, the Shenzhen Shenbao Industrial Co. Ltd. (previously the Shenzhen Cannery) and PepsiCo China signed the contract for the joint venture of Shenzhen Pepsi-Cola Beverage Co. Ltd. on Dec. 1, 1995, and it was approved Dec. 15 of the same year. In 1996, the joint venture began its operation.

深圳故事｜特区管理线的撤销

特区管理线的撤销

Cancellation of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone control line

深圳经济特区管理线是保障深港和特区边境安宁的一道边防线。在设立之初，特区管理线主要包含两项基本职能：一是对进出特区的货物进行检查，打击走私活动；二是对往来人员进行检查，防止偷渡行为。

The control line of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone had been serving as the border defense to ensure the peace on the border between the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Hong Kong. At the beginning of its establishment, it mainly served two basic functions, including inspecting goods and personnel entering and exiting the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and cracking down on smuggling and stowaway acts.

建设者们沿着特区管理线铺设电缆（图片由罗湖区档案馆提供）

Workers laying cables along the control line. (Courtesy of the Luohu Archives.)

既然特区管理线发挥了如此重要的作用，后来又为什么被撤销了呢？通过查阅档案资料，我们找到了答案。

Now that the control line had played such an important role, why was it eventually cancelled?

 

根据《国务院关于扩大深圳经济特区范围的批复》，自2010年7月1日起，深圳经济特区范围扩大到深圳全市。深圳经济特区范围扩大后，特区管理线与特区一体化建设的矛盾日益突出。16个陆地关口日均通行车辆超过110万辆次，日均进出人员超过500万人次，主要关口成为交通堵点，影响市民出行。特区管理线隔离带在城市中心，造成人为分隔，也不利于基础设施和公交线路的统筹规划、建设和管理。

According to the Official Reply of the State Council on Expanding the Scope of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, since July 1, 2010, the scope of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has been expanded to include Shenzhen in its entirety. After the expansion, the control line and the integrated construction of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone had become increasingly at odds. The 16 land checkpoints had a daily average traffic of more than 1.1 million vehicles and a daily average in-and-out personnel of more than 5 million in total. The traffic congestion near the major checkpoints had been worsening and residents’ travel was significantly affected. The human-made isolation brought about by the isolation belt of the control line was also harmful to the integrated planning, construction and management of the infrastructure and public transport routes.

 

2012年，结合深圳实际发展情况和珠三角地区一体化发展新形势、新要求，深圳市委市政府对特区管理线的功能、现状及处置方案进行了深入研究，认为特区管理线一方面影响了城市交通发展，另一方面影响到城市建设，已经不能适应特区一体化与城市发展的需要，建议尽快撤销。

In 2012, based on the actual development of Shenzhen and the new situation and requirements of the integrated development of the Pearl River Delta region, the CPC Shenzhen Municipal Committee and Shenzhen Municipal Government carried out an in-depth study of the functions, current situation and disposal plans of the control line, and concluded that, due to the advances made in the city’s development, the control line no longer served its original purposes and had come to adversely affect the development of urban transportation and construction. The control line no longer met the needs of the integration and development of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and should therefore be cancelled as soon as possible.

 

2018年1月6日国务院下发《关于同意撤销深圳经济特区管理线的批复》，至此，运行了30多年的特区管理线真正完成了它的历史使命。

On January 6, 2018, the State Council issued the Official Reply of the State Council on Approving the Cancellation of the Control Line of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Thus, the control line finally completed its historical mission after more than 30 years of operation.

深圳故事｜还记得通往深圳的“边防证”吗？

还记得通往深圳的“边防证”吗？

Remembering the Shenzhen frontier permit?

深圳经济特区管理线于1986年4月1日正式启用。特区管理线启用后，人员、运输工具和货物进出特区，都需要依法进行管理。

The management line establishing the boundary of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was officially launched on April 1, 1986. After its launching, the entry to and exit from the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone of the persons, transportation tools and goods were required to be managed in accordance with the newly established laws and regulations.

 

特区管理线具体是如何进行管理的呢？有两份重要的档案资料可以告诉我们答案。

How exactly was the management carried out? The answer is documented in two important archives.

 

1986年3月12日，广东省人民政府公布了《深圳经济特区与内地之间人员往来管理规定》。该规定明确，凡往来特区与内地之间的内地人员，须持写明“前往深圳经济特区”的《中华人民共和国边境管理区通行证》或《前往边防禁区特许通行证》（俗称“边防证”）；特区内的居民，须持《深圳经济特区居民证》或能证明本人特区居住身份的有效证件；在特区工作的内地人员，须持《深圳经济特区暂住证》或《中华人民共和国边境管理区通行证》等证明本人特区暂住身份的有效证件；陆地管理线两侧附近的居民从人行便道口出入特区，须持《深圳经济特区过线作业证》。

On March 12, 1986, the Guangdong Provincial People’s Government issued the Regulations on the Administration of People’s Travel between the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and the Interior. The regulations specify that persons from the inland heading to the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone should hold a Pass of the Border Management Zone of the People’s Republic of China or a Permit to the Frontier Restricted Zone (commonly known as the frontier permit). Residents of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone must possess a Resident Card of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone or other valid documents that can prove their residence in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone; residents from the inland who work in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone must hold a Temporary Residence Card of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone or a Pass of the Border Management Zone of the People’s Republic of China or other valid documents proving their temporary residence in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone; residents living near both sides of the management line who walk on sidewalks to enter the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone must hold a Crossing Frontier Work Permit of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.

 

1986年3月22日，深圳市人民政府公布了《深圳经济特区与内地之间人员往来管理规定施行细则》，规定往来特区与内地之间的人员，通过管理线公路道口及码头、专用通道进出特区时，必须持有效证件，主动递交公安边防警察查验。

On March 22, 1986, the Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government issued the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on People’s Travel between the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and the Interior, which state that persons traveling between the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and the interior must hold valid travel documents and present them to the frontier police for inspection.

凌晓捐赠给深圳市档案馆的《前往边防禁区特许通行证》实物图

The frontier permit donated by Ling Xiao to the Shenzhen Archives.

 

“在办理‘边防证’之前，我们从来没有见过这个东西，只是在小说或者是在电影里面见过去其他地方的通行证。”将珍藏了40年的“边防证”捐赠给深圳市档案馆的老深圳人凌晓如是说。在很长的一段时间里，“边防证”就像是大家入深的“门票”，有证即入，无证则返。

Ling Xiao, who donated a frontier permit to the Shenzhen Archives, recalled: “We had previously never seen this thing before.” For a long time, the frontier permit was the “ticket” for people to enter Shenzhen.

深圳故事｜特区管理线的建设

特区管理线的建设

Construction of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone control line

对深圳人来说，“二线关”或许是一道年代的分水岭——它既是“老深圳”们心中难以忘怀的记忆，也是“新深圳”们仅略有耳闻甚至闻所未闻的存在。“二线关”其实是一条特区管理线，正是这条管理线，将特区分成了特区内和特区外，也就是俗称的关内和关外。

For Shenzheners, the phrase “Shenzhen Special Economic Zone control line” bears different meanings. For older Shenzheners, it is a part of their unforgettable memories of the city and for newer Shenzheners, it may have been heard in passing or not at all. The control line is actually a boundary line of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, which divided Shenzhen into two parts, namely “guannei” (the area inside the special economic zone) and “guanwai” (the area outside the special economic zone).

 

那么，这条特区管理线的建设又经历了怎样的过程呢？且听小i为您道来。

Then, what was the process involved in creating the control line?

 

1981年召开的广东、福建两省经济特区工作会议提出，深圳经济特区要尽快建立特区与非特区的分界线。

The work meeting on the special economic zones in Guangdong and Fujian provinces was held in 1981 and proposed that the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone should establish a boundary line between the special and non-special zones as soon as possible.

 

1982年2月，深圳市二线建设指挥部成立。同年6月，国务院批准同意《广东深圳市经济特区二线设防和管理方案意见的报告》，确定特区二线以“全线设防（不以天然屏障作为防线），严密控制，综合管理”为原则。

In February 1982, the special economic zone control line construction headquarters of Shenzhen was established. In June of the same year, the State Council approved the Report on the Opinions Regarding the Establishment and Management of the Control Line of the Special Economic Zone in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province,” ascertaining that the control line of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone should be fully fortified (rather than just a natural barrier), strictly controlled and comprehensively managed.

 

6月，深圳经济特区管理线工程动工兴建。工程设防初步设计共分为85个单项工程，主要在进出特区与内地之间的背仔角、盐田、沙湾、布吉、白芒、南头6个公路口设置联检站，在姑婆角、大梅沙建造两个海上公安检查站，沿特区分界线内侧山脚，东起背仔角，西至南头安乐村海边修筑巡逻线，并在沿线架设铁丝网，铺设照明线、供电和通讯线路等。

In the same month, the construction project of the control line was initiated. The project was initially divided into 85 individual projects. Specifically, checkpoints were built in the junctions between the inland and Shenzhen, including Beizaijiao, Yantian, Shawan, Buji, Baimang and Nantou. Two marine public security checkpoints were built in Gupojiao and Dameisha. Starting from Beizaijiao in the east to the seashore of An’le Village of Nantou in the west, a patrol route was built along the inner foot of the mountain on the control line, with the construction of barbed wire fencing and the laying of lighting lines, power supply lines and communication circuits.

1984年，工人们架设深圳经济特区管理线。（图片由罗湖区档案馆提供）

In 1984, workers were erecting a section of barbed wire fencing on the control line of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. (Courtesy of the Luohu Archives.)

1984年7月，特区管理线基本建成，并自8月1日起试行管理。1985年3月13日，特区管理线建设工程经国家验收委验收合格并交付使用。1986年4月1日，经过三年多的建设，特区管理线正式启用，管理线全长为84.6公里，沿线设有17个检查站和23个耕作口。1992年至1993年，特区管理线更新、增建了隔离线8公里铁丝网（线网改为钢板网）及15公里网体基础墙。

In July 1984, the construction of the control line was basically completed and the trial management started from August 1. On March 13, 1985, the control line construction project was approved for use by the National Acceptance Committee. On April 1, 1986, after more than three years of construction, the control line, consisting of a total length of 84.6 kilometers, 17 checkpoints and 23 entrances for farming, was officially put into use. From 1992 to 1993, it was renewed and eight kilometers of barbed wire fencing (wire mesh was changed to steel plate mesh) and 15 kilometers of mesh foundation walls were added.

深圳故事｜有才千里来相会：深圳人才大市场的建立

有才千里来相会：深圳人才大市场的建立

Stories behind 1980s Shenzhen Talent Market

在网络和智能手机高度发达的今天，求职者们足不出户就可以投递简历，获取信息。而在上世纪80年代，人们都要走出家门，实地找工作。乘着改革开放的春风，深圳率先建设人才大市场，为求职者提供了巨大便利，也为全国人才市场的形成和发展起到了示范作用。

Thanks to the Internet and the development of smart phones, job hunting has become more convenient as people no longer have to leave home to apply for a job. But things were much different in the 1980s. To help people in their job seeking process, Shenzhen took the lead in China to set up a talent market, where job seekers and employers could go through procedures from interviews and tests to offer confirmations.

 

深圳人才大市场的建立经历了从酝酿到成熟的过程。1984年，深圳市人才服务公司成立，为深圳市人事局下属单位，主要负责处理求职者信件、接待求职者和推荐岗位，1991年更名为深圳市人才服务中心，主要开展人才培训、流动人员管理以及为外商投资企业、外商驻深代表机构服务等方面的工作。同年10月，全国第一个常设型人才市场“深圳市人才智力市场”（深圳人才大市场前身）在华强南路2号正式筹建，标志着我市人事制度改革和人才交流工作迈出了崭新的一步。后因社会需求迅速增长，1993年，深圳市人才智力市场搬迁至华强北。

In 1984, the Shenzhen Talent Service Company was set up to process job seekers’ letters, receive job seekers when they visited and recommend jobs to them. In 1991, it was renamed Shenzhen Talent Service Center to reflect the addition of more services for jobs seekers, including training programs and the management of people without a Shenzhen hukou, as well as services for foreign-invested enterprises and branches of foreign enterprises. In October 1991, the Shenzhen Talent Intelligence Market, the first permanent talent market in China, which was later developed into the Shenzhen Talent Market, was set up at 2 Huaqiang Road South, and in 1993, it was moved to Huaqiangbei.

 

1996年6月，为进一步满足人才需求，新的深圳人才大市场在罗湖区宝安北路动工，仅建设一百天时间即竣工。深圳人才大市场为供需双方提供了包括交流、计划、调配、考试、录用等在内的全方位“一条龙”服务，并制订了管理规定和操作程序，使整个市场的运作逐步规范化和制度化。资料显示，1998年，进场求职人数达1474759人次，20432家单位提供岗位达166577个。

In June 1996, construction on the new building for the Shenzhen Talent Market started and was completed after 100 days. A series of services, including interviews, job planning, job reallocation, testing and offer confirmation, were provided at the market. Regulations and work procedures were also formulated to standardize the running of the market. In 1998, the talent market received more than 1.4 million visits from job seekers, and more than 20,000 employers that provided 166,577 jobs through the market.

深圳人才招聘会上延揽全国优秀人才的大型横幅（图片由罗湖区档案馆提供）

A large banner saying “recruit talents from all over the country” at a job fair in Shenzhen. (Courtesy of the Luohu Archives)

1998年4月16日，为更好地服务社会经济建设，深圳市人才服务中心与深圳市人才大市场合并组建为“深圳市人才交流服务中心”，为深圳市人事局下属事业单位，主要提供人才交流中介、人事代理、人才测评服务，行使管理人才市场行业等职能。

On April 16, 1998, the Shenzhen Talent Service Center and Shenzhen Talent Market were merged into a new organization named Shenzhen Talent Exchange and Service Center.

 

尽管深圳人才大市场已渐渐退出了人们的视野，但它汇聚了四面八方的求职者，为无数“伯乐”提供了“千里马”，成为了改革开放初期内地人闯深圳的“第一站”。

Although the Shenzhen Talent Market is no longer a center for job seekers, it served as the first stop for many people who came to work in Shenzhen from across China in the 1980s, connecting them to numerous employers.

深圳故事｜五湖四海“揽”人才

五湖四海“揽”人才

Attracting talents from around the world

在上世纪80年代的计划经济体制下，干部一般都是通过调配、安置、指令进行安排的，实行“部门所有、单一调配”的制度。那时候的深圳又是如何广聚天下英才而用之，从五湖四海“揽”人才的呢？

Under the planned economy system during the 1980s, the “department-owned, single deployment” system generally arranged cadres through deployment, placement and instruction. At that time, how did Shenzhen attract talents from around the world?

 

深圳经济特区建立之前，原宝安县（深圳市前身）只有干部6000余人，其中专业技术干部偏少，年轻干部所占比例很小。
Before the establishment of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, the former Bao'an County (the predecessor of Shenzhen) had only over 6,000 cadres, of which the number of professional and technical ones was small, with the young cadres accounting for only a small portion.

为开创深圳经济特区建设新局面，深圳在全国率先探索了多样化的人才引进方式，主要采取了试用选调、内联轮换、定期聘用、毕业分配、向外选聘几种办法。

In order to facilitate the socialist construction of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Shenzhen pioneered the exploration of diversified ways of introducing talents, specifically probationary selection, inline rotation, fixed-term employment, graduation allocation and external recruitment.

1983年7月12日，《深圳特区简讯（总第68期）〈我市招聘了专业技术干部356人〉》。

On July 12, 1983, Shenzhen Special Zone Brief (68th edition): The city recruited 356 professional and technical cadres.

借助上述办法，深圳干部队伍不断壮大。截至1984年底，全市共有干部25501人，比1978年增加19035人，增长近3倍；干部的政治素质、文化素养显著提高，具有大专文化水平以上的干部人数从1978年的651人增长至6913人；干部平均年龄由1978年的43岁下降至37岁。

With the help of the methods mentioned above, the number of Shenzhen's cadres grew. By the end of 1984, there were 25,501 cadres in Shenzhen, 19,035 more than that in 1978, an increase of nearly 300%; their political and cultural quality also improved significantly and the number of cadres with college education or above increased from 651 in 1978 to 6,913 in 1984; the average age dropped from 43 years old in 1978 to 37 years old in 1984.

 

深圳以开放包容的思想、优厚的薪酬待遇、灵活多样的就业模式，招纳了五湖四海的人们加入深圳特区初创时期的开拓和建设中，书写了建设中国经济特区的时代传奇。

With an open mind, inclusiveness, generous remuneration and flexible and diversified employment methods, Shenzhen has attracted talents from around the world to join in the preliminary construction of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.