深圳故事｜本地干部学习普通话

本地干部学习普通话

Local officials learn Mandarin

深圳在建市前是一个多方言共存区，主要有宝安粤语、龙岗客语两大方言，大鹏话、疍家话等小方言语种并存。这些方言地理分布形式多样，交界地区存在交错、相连的情况，展示了一部人民迁徙、交融的历史。

Before the municipality was established, Shenzhen was a place with many different dialects, including Bao’an-version Cantonese, Longgang-version Hakka, Dapeng dialect, and Tanka dialect. These dialects were distributed in different areas of Shenzhen, with some dialects coexisting and intermingling in certain areas, which reflected the history of migration to and exchanges of people within Shenzhen.

深圳方言分布图 

A distribution map of Shenzhen’s local dialects

今天的深圳仍是一座典型的移民城市，云集了来自全国各地的创业者，全国六大方言——北方话、客语、吴语、闽语、湘语、赣语均在社会层面使用，但沟通着社会各阶层最广泛的语言则是普通话。

Today, Shenzhen is still a typical city of migrants, gathering entrepreneurs from all over the country. The six major dialects of the country – the dialects of North China, Hakka, Wu, Min, Xiang and Gan – are all spoken here, but the most commonly used is Mandarin.

然而，时光倒退回20世纪80年代，深圳当时还是全国公认的普通话”沙漠”。因此，大力推进本地干部学习普通话，成为当时”推广普通话”工作的重要举措之一。

However, back in the 1980s, Shenzhen was a “desert” of Mandarin. So, it was a major priority to promote the use of Mandarin among local officials.

很少有人知道，”推普”这项工作，早在宝安县改县建市（1979年3月，宝安县改设为深圳市）之前就开始了。1973年5月印发的《关于进一步推广普通话的通知》，已经把推广普通话作为一项重要工作来抓。由于宝安县多方言汇集，又有国际往来的口岸，语言的统一，有利于社会主义的建设和发展。因此，要求各个行政、企事业单位应大力提倡干部、职工带头学习和宣传普通话。这一举措为推进本地干部讲普通话开创了良好局面。

The promotion of Mandarin started even before Bao’an County was changed into Shenzhen City (in March 1979). The Notice on Further Promoting Mandarin issued in May 1973 deemed the promotion of Mandarin as an important task. At that time, many different dialects were used in Bao’an County and as there were ports with international exchange, the unification of language was conducive to the construction and development of socialism. Therefore, it was required that each administration, enterprise and institution should encourage their officials and employees to take the lead in learning and promoting Mandarin. This initiative created a good start for the promotion of Mandarin among local officials.

深圳建市后，随着对外开放程度的扩大，”推普”工作更加紧要和迫切。全国各地的建设者、来深投资的外商，迫切需要良好的交流与合作。如何让大家顺畅地沟通？用普通话统一深圳的语言，就是有效的解决方式。因此，广东省和深圳市都十分重视”推普”工作的落实。

After the establishment of Shenzhen City, with the expansion of opening up to the outside world, the work of promoting Mandarin became more urgent and pressing. People in all walks of life from all over the country as well as foreign investors who came to Shenzhen needed to communicate and cooperate with each other.

为了进一步加快全省”推普”工作，发挥本地干部带头说普通话的示范作用，1984年9月，广东省委办、省府办下发文件，明确全省区级以上机关单位的干部职工，需基本做到在办公、会议、对外洽谈中使用普通话，并定期接受培训和考察。同月，深圳专门成立了推广普通话办公室。同年12月，深圳还举办了首届”讲普通话比赛”。1985年1月8日，深圳市政府提出，在两三年内实现全市普通话化，并将考核普通话作为干部职工在定级、晋升，新招和调进的门槛。这一系列举措，让深圳初期的”推普”工作扎实稳进，助力深圳逐渐发展为一座对内扩大交往、对外积极开放的国际化文明城市。

How best to help everyone communicate smoothly? Assigning Mandarin as the unification of language in Shenzhen was an effective solution. Therefore, both Guangdong Province and Shenzhen City attached great importance to the promotion of Mandarin. To speed up the promotion of Mandarin, in September 1984, the General Office of the Guangdong Provincial Committee of the CPC and the General Office of the Guangdong Provincial Government issued a document specifying that all the officials in the province’s district-level and above departments were required to use Mandarin in their offices, meetings and external negotiations, and needed to receive regular training and inspection. At the same time, Shenzhen established an office for the promotion of Mandarin. In December of the same year, Shenzhen held the Speak Mandarin Competition. On January 8, 1985, the Shenzhen Municipal Government published a plan to popularize Mandarin all over the city within two or three years, and stated that the assessment of Mandarin would be a requirement for officials and employees in their ratings and promotion, recruitment and personnel transfer. All these measures facilitated the promotion of Mandarin in Shenzhen and helped the city gradually develop into an international city capable of further opening up and exchange.