内地第一家中外合资电信运营企业 ——深大电话有限公司
1st Sino-foreign telecom operator on mainland — Shenda Telephone Co. Ltd.
深圳经济特区在建设初期，可以用“三个不”来形容，即“道路不平、电灯不明、电话不灵”。后来随着基建工程兵的南下，深圳的路是逐渐平了，电灯也明了，但在电话这一块，依旧是不灵的。
The Shenzhen Special Economic Zone could be described as “three-noes” in its early stage of construction: no flat road, no bright light, and no efficient telephone. After the southward movement of infrastructure engineers, roads were gradually leveled, and lights were brightened, but telephone communication remained poor.
1984年之前，深圳用的还是老式的纵横交换机，电话机是磁石手摇式的，俗称“摇把子”。全市的电话机只有500部，家庭都没有电话，即使是公务人员家里也没有电话，市政府临时通知开会，由工作人员骑着自行车一家家上门通知。市民要打电话就得去深圳市电话局里排队，有时一排就是几个小时。
Before 1984, old-fashioned crossbar telephone switches and telephones armed with magnetos and hand-cranks, commonly known as “cranks,” were still in use in Shenzhen. In the entire city, there were only 500 telephones, none of which belonged to households or civil servants. When the municipality called a meeting on short notice, staff would ride their bicycles door to door to spread the word. Citizens had to wait in line for hours at the Shenzhen Telephone Bureau to make a call.
打市内电话都如此不便，打长途电话或者国际长途电话就更复杂了。人们要先叫通长途台进行挂号，再告诉总机呼叫人的电话号码和姓名，以及被呼叫人的城市和电话号码。以上信息由长途台登记完毕后，挂号才算结束，这时呼叫人就只能先收线，然后在原地等着长途台的通话消息。大家都集中在办公时间来挂号，电话常占线，有时一个电话一天都打不通。
Making a local call was very inconvenient, much less a long-distance or international one. People had to call the long-distance station to register, then provide their phone number and name, as well as the city and telephone number of the subscriber they dialed. Once registration was complete, the long-distance station recorded the above information, at which point the caller had to hang up and wait for the long-distance station to leave a callback message. Because of the high volume of registrations during office hours, lines were often busy and even disconnected throughout the day.
内地的消息走不出去，外地的生意也不敢进来。有些来谈生意的港商都不敢在深圳过夜，生怕因为“电话不灵”的问题，错过了股市、汇市的行情，影响到商业上的决策。当时想来深圳发展的外商很多因为通话难的问题暂时搁置了投资项目。“通话难”成为当时深圳经济特区发展的一大瓶颈。
Local news could not spread out of the Chinese mainland, thus outside businesses did not dare enter. Some Hong Kong businesspeople were afraid of an overnight stay in Shenzhen for fear of missing the stock and foreign exchange market, which could affect commercial decisions due to poor communication. This “difficulty of telecommunication” forced many foreign investors who wanted to develop in Shenzhen to temporarily shelve investment projects, which became a major bottleneck for the development of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.
为了彻底解决通话难的问题，深圳特区“新事新办，特事特办”，尝试引入外资合作经营市内电话业务。彼时，恰好香港的英国大东电报局公共有限公司（以下简称大东电报局）提出了与深圳市邮电局合资经营深大电话有限公司（以下简称深大电话公司）的想法，深圳市政府得知此事后便积极推动。1983年11月11日，深圳市电信发展公司（隶属于深圳市邮电局）和大东电报局签订了合资经营“深大电话有限公司”的合同，次日，深圳市政府就批准了该合同。同年11月28日，深大电话有限公司正式成立，自此，内地第一家中外合资电信运营企业在深圳诞生。
To fully address the issue of problematic telephone communication, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone attempted to draw international investment in local telephone services with the principle of “handle new cases with new methods, handle special cases with special methods.” The idea of forming a joint venture, Shenda Telephone Co. Ltd. (SDT), by British Cable & Wireless Public Company Limited (CW) in Hong Kong and Shenzhen Post & Telecommunications Office (SPTO) prompted the Shenzhen government to push the cooperation. On November 11, 1983, the Shenzhen Telecom Development Company (SPTO-affiliated firm) inked a joint venture contract with CW, which was formally authorized by the Shenzhen government the following day. On November 28, SDT was officially established, and Shenzhen thus became the birthplace of the first Sino-foreign joint venture telecom operation firm on the Chinese mainland.
《关于合资经营“深大电话有限公司”合同的批复》
The approval document of the joint venture contract for Shenda Telephone Co. Ltd.
1983年，深大电话公司成立，解开了深圳“电话不灵”的困局。各种电话设备陆续进口至深圳，市内固定电话安装的范围逐渐扩大，市话、长途、国际长途等自动化电话服务也逐步实现。
The establishment of Shenda Telephone Co. Ltd. (SDT) solved the telephone communication dilemma in 1983. A supply of telephone equipment was imported to Shenzhen, the scope of landline telephone installation gradually expanded, and automated telephone services such as local, toll and international tolls were progressively delivered.
1986年，深圳市物价局制定了市内电话初装费用的标准，规定普通居民的电话初装费用为1400元，根据深圳市统计年鉴，当年深圳职工人均工资收入为2452元。电话初装费相当于当年深圳人年均工资的57.1%！即便如此，深圳市民对拥有固话的热情还是十分高涨，深大电话公司营业厅里经常是人头攒动，热闹非凡。
According to the Shenzhen Statistical Yearbook, the initial installation cost of a local phone was fixed by the Price Control Administration of Shenzhen Municipality in 1986 at 1,400 yuan, equivalent to 57.1% of the average annual earnings of inhabitants of 2,452 yuan. Nonetheless, there was a buzz in the company’s business hall as locals grew fond of landlines.
1987年12月，经深大电话公司中英合营双方的友好协商以及市政府的批准后，深大电话公司从1988年1月1日开始，改变原来的合营性质，由中外合资经营企业改为中外合作企业，英方退出经营管理，公司全部资产归中方所有。
In December 1987, after friendly consultation between the two parties and the approval of the government, the withdrawal of the British side changed SDT from a Sino-foreign joint venture into a Sino-foreign cooperative enterprise from January 1, 1988, with the Chinese side owning all of the company’s assets.
改制后深大电话公司的业务突飞猛进。1988年1月10日，深圳经济特区的电话号码从5位数组合升到6位数组合。1991年，深圳市话用户总数突破10万大关，为深圳经济的蓬勃发展奠定了基石。
Growing by leaps and bounds after the restructuring, the fixed digit phone number within the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone expanded from five to six digits on January 10, 1988. Shenzhen had over 100,000 phone subscribers in total by 1991, which laid the cornerstone for the city’s rising prosperity.
然而，随着移动通讯电话和互联网的发展，固定电话的功能越来越弱化。2004年1月，深大公司与大东电报局二十年的合同期限到期，为保障深圳市民的电信服务，原深大公司经营的市内电话业务由广东省电信有限公司承接，纳入中国电信集团公司全网统一经营管理。
However, the role of landline telephones has diminished with the rise of mobile phones and the Internet. In January 2004, the 20-year contract between SDT and CW expired. Guangdong Telecom Co. Ltd. took over the local telephone business run by SDT, which was integrated into the unified operation and management of China Telecom Group’s entire network to ensure telecommunication services for locals.
在新的通讯革命风口下，深大电话公司逐渐成了历史名词，但作为内地第一家中外合资的电信运营企业，它在深圳乃至中国的电信建设和发展史，永远占据着不可替代的一席之地。
SDT became a historical term as a result of the new communication revolution, but being the first Sino-foreign joint venture telecom firm on the Chinese mainland, it will always hold an irreplaceable position in Shenzhen’s and even in China’s telecom construction and development history.
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