深圳故事｜中国文化名人大营救

中国文化名人大营救

The Chinese cultural celebrity rescue

在深圳市档案馆，珍藏着我国近代著名爱国人士邹韬奋赠给广东人民抗日游击总队曾生同志的一份题词（复制件），“保卫祖国 为民先锋”。这8个大字铿锵有力，带领人们走进东江抗日游击队营救800多位文化界知名人士与爱国民主人士的革命历史。

An inscription (copy) given to the leader of the Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Aggression Guerrilla Force Zeng Sheng by Zou Taofen, a famous patriot of modern China, is preserved in the Shenzhen Archives. The inscription, titled “Defending the Motherland and Fighting for the People,” enchants people as it transports them into the revolutionary history of the rescue of more than 800 cultural figures and patriotic democratic personages by the Dongjiang Column of the Guangdong People’s Anti-Japanese Aggression Guerrilla Force.

邹韬奋为曾生题词：“保卫祖国 爲民先锋。”（原件藏于中国人民革命军事博物馆）

The inscription presented by Zou Taofen to Zeng Sheng. (The original copy is preserved in the Military Museum of the Chinese People's Revolution.)

 

抗日战争爆发以后，尤其是皖南事变后，一批文化人士与爱国民主人士聚集香港，积极兴办《华南报》《大众生活》等报刊杂志，推进抗日救亡运动。

Since the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, especially after the New Fourth Army Incident, a group of cultural figures and patriotic democratic personages gathered in Hong Kong to actively launch and run newspapers and magazines, including South China Daily and Public Life, to promote the Anti-Japanese Aggression National Salvation Movement.

 

1941年12月8日，日军入侵新界、九龙。12月25日香港沦陷，日军开始大肆搜捕爱国民主人士，限令这批“抗日分子”立即前往“大日本报导部”，否则“格杀勿论”。On December 8, 1941, the Japanese army invaded the New Territories and Kowloon. On December 25, Hong Kong fell and the Japanese troops started to hunt down patriotic democratic personages. They ordered these “anti-Japanese aggression people” to go to the “Greater Japan Report Department” immediately or they would be “shot to death.”

 

为保证滞港爱国民主人士、文化界人士安全撤离，在东江抗日游击队的护送下，营救行动分东西两条交通线展开，东线从九龙乘船渡过大鹏湾登陆宝安沙鱼涌；西线自新界元朗、落马洲穿越深圳河在宝安赤尾村登陆，再翻过梅林坳抵达白石龙接待站。后续转送计划中，这批文化人士由东江游击区陆续撤往大后方。

To ensure the evacuation of these patriotic democratic personages and cultural figures, under the escort of the Dongjiang Column, the rescue was carried out along two traffic routes. The east route started from Kowloon by boat and went through Dapeng Bay to land at Bao’an’s Shayuchong. The west route started from Lok Ma Chau in Yuen Long District in the New Territories, crossing the Shenzhen River and landing at Chiwei Village in Bao’an, then passing through Meilin’ao to the Baishilong Reception Station. According to the follow-up evacuation plan, this group of cultural personages was further withdrawn to the rear area.

 

此次大营救自1942年元旦开始，历经6个多月时间，成功营救邹韬奋、茅盾、梁漱溟、何香凝等800余名爱国民主人士与文化界知名人士，为新中国建设保存了一大批文化精英。

The six-month rescue, which started Jan. 1, 1942, successfully rescued more than 800 patriotic democratic personages and cultural figures, including Zou Taofen, Mao Dun, Liang Shuming and He Xiangning, protecting a large number of cultural elites for the later construction of New China.