深圳故事｜竹园宾馆：率先实行”炒鱿鱼”

竹园宾馆：率先实行”炒鱿鱼”

Bamboo Garden Hotel the 1st to adopt labor contract

深圳第一家中外合作酒店——竹园宾馆坐落于罗湖区东门北路，背靠青山，四周竹林环绕，它在经营和管理方面作出的有益探索，载入了深圳改革开放的史册。

The Bamboo Garden Hotel, the first Sino-overseas cooperative hotel in Shenzhen, is located on Dongmen Road North in Luohu District. The hotel lies at the foot of a mountain and is surrounded by a bamboo forest. It adopted some leading measures in its operation and management, which was recorded in the history of Shenzhen’s reform and opening up.

 

1979年6月，深圳市饮食服务公司与香港妙丽集团有限公司签订了《关于兴办经营竹园别墅的协议》，共同兴办深圳第一家中外合资的三星级涉外宾馆——竹园宾馆。

In June 1979, Shenzhen Catering Service Company and a Hong Kong company signed an agreement to jointly establish Shenzhen’s first three-star Sino-overseas joint venture hotel, the Bamboo Garden Hotel.

 

但运营不到1年，就出现了问题，部分服务员迟到、早退的现象频频发生，甚至经常旷工，十分懒散。这些员工和勤劳肯干的员工拿着同样的月薪，这打击了辛勤工作员工的积极性，也降低了竹园宾馆的效益和声誉。香港妙丽集团负责人认为，要按照香港酒店的标准进行管理，服务员必须尽职尽责做好工作，如果违反规定，就要”炒鱿鱼”。

However, after less than one year’s operation, some issues arose: Some hotel attendants were very lazy, either were late for work or frequently left early, or abstained from work. These staff members earned the same salary as other staff members who worked hard, which discouraged the hard-working employees and reduced the effectiveness and reputation of the hotel. The Hong Kong company believed that the hotel should be managed according to the standards of Hong Kong hotels and attendants should do their job and be fired if they broke the rules.

 

但在那时，大陆企业一直实行”统包统配”的劳动用工制度，劳动者的就业由国家统一分配，终身雇佣的固定用工制度是主流的雇佣模式；工资分配采取平均主义，人员流动率低，工作单位成为个体的主要依靠，人们把这一制度称为”铁饭碗”。

Back then, mainland enterprises had been practicing a centralized labor allocation system, and the employment of workers was uniformly allocated by the State. The fixed-term employment with lifetime employment was the dominant employment model: The wage distribution is egalitarian, the turnover is low, and the work unit becomes essentially dependent on the individual assigned to the work. This labor system was called the “iron rice bowl” (secure job).

 

在港方的强烈要求下，深圳将用工自主权交给了竹园宾馆，一套全新的用工管理办法开始推行。竹园宾馆既没有完全照搬香港的做法，又打破了内地”老一套”管理枷锁，主要包括：革除固定用工制，一律实行劳动合同制，全国第一份劳工合同随之诞生；将固定工资改为职务技术工资和浮动工资各占50%的工资形式，浮动工资与业绩和个人表现挂钩；在考核基础上确定职工的职务和级别……这些做法极大调动了职工的劳动积极性，竹园宾馆1982年的利润比上一年翻了整整一倍，也为整个深圳乃至全国劳动用工制度和工资制度的改革进行了有益的探索。

In response to the strong request of the Hong Kong company, Shenzhen gave the autonomy of labor management to the Bamboo Garden Hotel, which launched a new employment management method. The hotel did not simply copy the practice of Hong Kong, but did break the old management practices of the mainland. It abolished the fixed employment system and implemented the labor contract system, giving birth to the first labor contract in the country. It changed the fixed salary to a salary formed by the fixed part and the variable part, each accounting for 50%, and the variable part depended on the individual’s performance. It determined the positions and ranks of employees based on assessment. These practices greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the workers, and the profit of the Bamboo Garden Hotel in 1982 doubled that of the previous year. The pioneering practice of the hotel served as a model for the reform of the labor system and wage system in Shenzhen and even for the whole country.

1981年12月26日，《竹园宾馆国内职工工资试行办法》

Trial Measures for Domestic Staff Salaries in the Bamboo Garden Hotel, December 26, 1981.

根据竹园宾馆的发展经验，1983年，深圳出台《深圳市实行劳动合同制暂行办法》，明确合同制是特区的用工方向，并对招收、使用、工资、保险问题作出新的规定，深圳由此成为中国内地第一个实行劳动用工合同制的城市。

Based on the experience of the Bamboo Garden Hotel, in 1983, Shenzhen issued the Interim Measures for the Implementation of Labor Contract System in Shenzhen, specifying that the contract system is the main employment system in the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. The measures also established new regulations on recruitment, labor use, wages and insurance. Shenzhen thus became the first city on the Chinese mainland to implement a labor contract system.