深圳故事｜“深圳”地名的由来

“深圳”地名的由来​

The origin of the name 'Shenzhen'

“圳”的繁体字为“甽”，在客家方言中指田间的水沟，“深圳”则因村庄周围水泽密布，田间有一条深水沟（即深圳河）而得名。

In traditional Chinese writing, “圳” is written as “甽”, which in Hakka dialect refers to the ditch in the fields. Shenzhen got its name because the village was surrounded by small waters and there was a deep ditch (the Shenzhen River) in the field.

1981年在考古普查中发现的咸头岭遗址，证明了早在六七千年前的新石器时代，原始人类就已踏足深圳这片土地。虽然那时还未出现“深圳”一名，但深圳地区已经有了人类活动的遗存。

Evidence from the Xiantouling site, which was discovered by an archaeological excavation in 1981, proves that hominids had set foot in Shenzhen as early as 6,000 to 7,000 years ago in the Neolithic period. Long before the advent of the name “Shenzhen,” humans had already lived in here.

查阅文献，康熙版《新安县志》中记载：“康熙七年，新安沿边奉设墩台二十一座……深圳墩台，一座……”，这是古籍中第一次出现“深圳”这一名称。

The very first time that “Shenzhen” appeared in ancient books was in Emperor Kangxi's version of the “Annals of Xin'an County.”

那么，“深圳”二字最早出现在哪一份档案中呢？

So, in which modern writing did the name “Shenzhen” first appear?

在中国第一历史档案馆保存的清代宫廷档案中，有一份清代咸丰年间的奏疏，其仿真件现藏于深圳市档案馆，我们可以从这份档案里找到答案。

The answer is found in a memorial to the throne in the Xianfeng period in the Qing Dynasty, the copy of which is now in the Shenzhen Archives.

叶名琛题为广东督粮道王增谦等疏防新安县属深圳墟贡生刘达源药材店被劫事 （局部）（原件藏于中国第一历史档案馆）

Ye Mingchen’s article entitled “Secretary of Agriculture of Guangdong Province Wang Zengqian and others failed to prevent the robbery of Liu Dayuan’s herbal medicine store in Shenhzhen Market, Xin’an County”. (The original document is in the First Historical Archives of China.)

这份长达400厘米的档案名为“叶名琛题为广东督粮道王增谦等疏防新安县属深圳墟贡生刘达源药材店被劫事”，记载了咸丰六年（公元1856年）正月三十日，深圳墟一家药材杂货店被打劫的案件。这份奏疏事无巨细地记述了该案件发生的准确时间、地点、具体经过，以及地方“营员”对案发现场的勘验，对银物丢失情况和人员受伤情况的排查，并经过层层传递，由地方上奏至朝廷。

This 400-centimeter-long memorial to the throne is named the Ye Mingchen article entitled “Secretary of Agriculture of Guangdong Province Wang Zengqian and others failed to prevent the robbery of Liu Dayuan’s herbal medicine store in Shenhzhen Market, Xin’an County.” It documents the case of a robbery of a herbal medicine store in Shenzhen Market on the 30th day of the first lunar month of 1856. Every detail of the case was recorded, including the exact time, place and other details as well as the investigation of the crime scene, loss of property and casualties. The memorial to the throne was delivered from the local government to the imperial government.

值得注意的是，这份档案共提及了7次 “深圳墟”。“墟”（集市）是由清政府设立的一个个墩台发展而来的，其中以深圳墟（今东门老街）尤为繁华。

It is notable that “Shenzhen Market” is mentioned seven times in the document. The “market” was set up by the Qing government and “Shenzhen Market” (in what is now Dongmen Old Street) was particularly flourishing in its time.

1911年，随着广九铁路开通，坐落于今东门老街一带的深圳墟火车站成为连接内陆与香港的交通枢纽。1931年，政府设立了深圳镇。1949年10月19日，深圳镇人民政府在东门（深圳墟）成立。1953年，因深圳镇交通便利、人口兴旺，宝安县政府由南头迁至深圳镇（今罗湖区桂园街道蔡屋围一带）。1979年3月5日，国务院批复同意将宝安县改为深圳市。从此以后，深圳市不只是一个新的名称、新的建制，更是被赋予了中国改革开放“排头兵”的重任。
With the opening of the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway in 1911, the Shenzhen Market Railway Station, which was located in what is now Dongmen Old Street, became a transportation hub connecting the Chinese mainland with Hong Kong. In 1931, Shenzhen Town was established. On October 19, 1949, the Shenzhen Town People's Government was established in Dongmen (Shenzhen Market). In 1953, the Bao'an County Government moved from Nantou to Shenzhen Town (what is now Caiwuwei, Guiyuan Subdistrict, Luohu District) thanks to its convenient transportation and booming population. On 5th March, 1979, the State Council approved the change of the name Bao’an County to the name Shenzhen City. Since then, Shenzhen is not only a new name and a new organizational system, but it also bears the important task of taking the lead in China's reform and opening up.