深圳故事｜从“宝安县”到“深圳市”的故事

从“宝安县”到“深圳市”的故事
From ‘Bao'an County’ to ‘Shenzhen City’

众所周知，深圳的前身是宝安县。
As we all know, Shenzhen was originally Bao'an County.
 
宝安县始建于东晋咸和六年（公元331年），有着深厚的历史沉淀。那么由县改市时，为什么不直接叫做“宝安市”呢？
With a long history, Bao'an County was founded in the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Then why is it not called “Bao'an City?”
 
探寻档案我们发现，1978年8月22日的一份档案里显示：
According to a document dated August 22, 1978:
 
“宝安这个地方将要建成为外贸基地，深圳将建成旅游区。为了进一步搞好边防……我们建议把宝安县改为深圳市。”
“Bao'an county will be built into a foreign trade base, and Shenzhen will be built into a tourist area. To further strengthen border defense, we propose to change Bao'an County into Shenzhen City.”
 
这是正式文件中第一次出现深圳市。
It was the first time that Shenzhen City appears in a formal document.
 
同年12月29日， 《关于宝安县改为深圳市建制的报告》，提出：“必须把全县所辖范围改为市，名称叫深圳为好，因为深圳口岸全世界早已闻名。”
On December 29 of the same year, the “Report on Changing Bao'an County into Shenzhen City” proposed that the jurisdictions must be changed from countywide to citywide, and that its name is to be called Shenzhen because the Shenzhen port has long been known worldwide while Bao'an is little known.
 
1979年3月5日，国务院正式下达《关于广东省设置深圳、珠海市的批复》，“将宝安县改设为深圳市，以宝安县的行政区域为深圳市行政区域”，标志着深圳市正式成立。同年3月22日，宝安县改设为深圳市。
On March 5, 1979, the State Council issued the “Official Reply on the Establishment of Shenzhen and Zhuhai Cities in Guangdong Province,” which states that Bao'an County will be changed into Shenzhen City and the administrative area of Bao'an County will be allocated to that of Shenzhen City, marking the official establishment of Shenzhen City. On March 22 of the same year, the name of Bao'an County was changed to Shenzhen City.

深圳故事｜“深圳”地名的由来

“深圳”地名的由来​

The origin of the name 'Shenzhen'

“圳”的繁体字为“甽”，在客家方言中指田间的水沟，“深圳”则因村庄周围水泽密布，田间有一条深水沟（即深圳河）而得名。

In traditional Chinese writing, “圳” is written as “甽”, which in Hakka dialect refers to the ditch in the fields. Shenzhen got its name because the village was surrounded by small waters and there was a deep ditch (the Shenzhen River) in the field.

1981年在考古普查中发现的咸头岭遗址，证明了早在六七千年前的新石器时代，原始人类就已踏足深圳这片土地。虽然那时还未出现“深圳”一名，但深圳地区已经有了人类活动的遗存。

Evidence from the Xiantouling site, which was discovered by an archaeological excavation in 1981, proves that hominids had set foot in Shenzhen as early as 6,000 to 7,000 years ago in the Neolithic period. Long before the advent of the name “Shenzhen,” humans had already lived in here.

查阅文献，康熙版《新安县志》中记载：“康熙七年，新安沿边奉设墩台二十一座……深圳墩台，一座……”，这是古籍中第一次出现“深圳”这一名称。

The very first time that “Shenzhen” appeared in ancient books was in Emperor Kangxi's version of the “Annals of Xin'an County.”

那么，“深圳”二字最早出现在哪一份档案中呢？

So, in which modern writing did the name “Shenzhen” first appear?

在中国第一历史档案馆保存的清代宫廷档案中，有一份清代咸丰年间的奏疏，其仿真件现藏于深圳市档案馆，我们可以从这份档案里找到答案。

The answer is found in a memorial to the throne in the Xianfeng period in the Qing Dynasty, the copy of which is now in the Shenzhen Archives.

叶名琛题为广东督粮道王增谦等疏防新安县属深圳墟贡生刘达源药材店被劫事 （局部）（原件藏于中国第一历史档案馆）

Ye Mingchen’s article entitled “Secretary of Agriculture of Guangdong Province Wang Zengqian and others failed to prevent the robbery of Liu Dayuan’s herbal medicine store in Shenhzhen Market, Xin’an County”. (The original document is in the First Historical Archives of China.)

这份长达400厘米的档案名为“叶名琛题为广东督粮道王增谦等疏防新安县属深圳墟贡生刘达源药材店被劫事”，记载了咸丰六年（公元1856年）正月三十日，深圳墟一家药材杂货店被打劫的案件。这份奏疏事无巨细地记述了该案件发生的准确时间、地点、具体经过，以及地方“营员”对案发现场的勘验，对银物丢失情况和人员受伤情况的排查，并经过层层传递，由地方上奏至朝廷。

This 400-centimeter-long memorial to the throne is named the Ye Mingchen article entitled “Secretary of Agriculture of Guangdong Province Wang Zengqian and others failed to prevent the robbery of Liu Dayuan’s herbal medicine store in Shenhzhen Market, Xin’an County.” It documents the case of a robbery of a herbal medicine store in Shenzhen Market on the 30th day of the first lunar month of 1856. Every detail of the case was recorded, including the exact time, place and other details as well as the investigation of the crime scene, loss of property and casualties. The memorial to the throne was delivered from the local government to the imperial government.

值得注意的是，这份档案共提及了7次 “深圳墟”。“墟”（集市）是由清政府设立的一个个墩台发展而来的，其中以深圳墟（今东门老街）尤为繁华。

It is notable that “Shenzhen Market” is mentioned seven times in the document. The “market” was set up by the Qing government and “Shenzhen Market” (in what is now Dongmen Old Street) was particularly flourishing in its time.

1911年，随着广九铁路开通，坐落于今东门老街一带的深圳墟火车站成为连接内陆与香港的交通枢纽。1931年，政府设立了深圳镇。1949年10月19日，深圳镇人民政府在东门（深圳墟）成立。1953年，因深圳镇交通便利、人口兴旺，宝安县政府由南头迁至深圳镇（今罗湖区桂园街道蔡屋围一带）。1979年3月5日，国务院批复同意将宝安县改为深圳市。从此以后，深圳市不只是一个新的名称、新的建制，更是被赋予了中国改革开放“排头兵”的重任。
With the opening of the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway in 1911, the Shenzhen Market Railway Station, which was located in what is now Dongmen Old Street, became a transportation hub connecting the Chinese mainland with Hong Kong. In 1931, Shenzhen Town was established. On October 19, 1949, the Shenzhen Town People's Government was established in Dongmen (Shenzhen Market). In 1953, the Bao'an County Government moved from Nantou to Shenzhen Town (what is now Caiwuwei, Guiyuan Subdistrict, Luohu District) thanks to its convenient transportation and booming population. On 5th March, 1979, the State Council approved the change of the name Bao’an County to the name Shenzhen City. Since then, Shenzhen is not only a new name and a new organizational system, but it also bears the important task of taking the lead in China's reform and opening up.

深圳故事｜消失在历史长河中的“新安县”

消失在历史长河中的“新安县”

Xin'an County — the county that disappeared in history

说到“新安”，您是否会联想到深圳市宝安区新安街道？然而，小i今天要讲述的“新安”，可是“此新安非彼新安”。

When we speak of “Xin'an,” do you associate it with Xin'an Subdistrict in Bao'an District? However, we will discuss another “Xin'an” in today's story.

 

明朝时期，深圳地区曾隶属于广州府的新安县。新安县的历史与明清时期抗击倭患、保家卫国的战斗历程密不可分。

During the Ming Dynasty, the area of Shenzhen was part of Xin'an County of Guangzhou Prefecture. The battles against the invaders during the Ming and Qing dynasties are inextricable parts of the history of Xin’an County.

 

为抵御海盗、倭寇的侵扰，明洪武二十七年（1394年），朝廷建立了东莞守御千户所（今深圳市南山区南头古城）和大鹏守御千户所（今深圳市大鹏新区大鹏所城）。1572年，广东提刑按察司副使刘稳请求朝廷在原宝安地区设县。次年，朝廷批准设立新安县，治所设在南头旧城，直属广州府。

To fight against the pirates and Japanese invaders, the imperial government set up the military fortresses “Dongguan Shouyu Qianhusuo” (currently Nantou Ancient Town) and “Dapeng Shouyu Qianhusuo” (currently Dapeng Fortress) in 1394. In 1572, Liu Wen, the deputy inspector of the Guangdong Provincial Criminal Investigation Department, requested the imperial government to establish a county in the former Bao’an area. The following year, the imperial government approved the establishment of Xin’an County, which was directly under the leadership of Guangzhou Prefecture, with the county seat in Nantou Ancient Town.

1866年版中英双语新安县全图（现藏于深圳市档案馆）

The complete Chinese-English bilingual map of Xin’an County of 1866.

“新安”有“革故鼎新，去危为安”的意思。这是深圳地区自唐代中期撤销县一级行政建制后首次单独设县，成为其社会经济逐步发展的新开端。

“Xin'an” means “reforming and pulling through.” This was the first time that an independent county was established in the area of Shenzhen since the abolition of the county-level administrative system in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, which signified the new beginning of Xin’an County’s social and economic development.

 

为防范海上反清力量，康熙元年（1662年），清政府在东南沿海实行“迁海”政策，广东沿海官民一律内迁30-50里，后又下令再迁30里。

In 1662, to avoid engaging the rebelling marine forces, the Qing government implemented the “moving inland” policy, which required the officials and civilians living along the Guangdong coast to move inland for 30-50 li (15-25 kilometers) and later an additional 30 li.

 

受两次“迁海”影响，新安县全县大部分地区被划分到迁移范围内，以至于清政府最终不得不撤销新安县建制，将其剩余的少量土地、人民划入东莞县管辖。直到康熙七年（1668年），清政府决定部分地区复界，新安县才得以恢复建制。

Most of Xin’an County was designated to move inland according to the policy. Consequently, the Qing government had to abolish the establishment of Xin’an County and the remaining land and civilians were then put under the jurisdiction of Dongguan County. It was not until the seventh year of the Kangxi reign (1668) that the Qing government re-established Xin’an County.

 

时光荏苒，到了1912年，地方行政设省、县二级，新安县属广东省直辖。1914年1月，全国行政区域整编，新安县因与河南省新安县同名，复称宝安县，隶属不变。“新安县”一名也逐渐消失在深圳的历史长河中。

In 1912, Xin'an County was under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. In January 1914, the national administrative regions were reorganized and Xin’an County was renamed Bao’an County. That was the historical end of the existence of Xin’an County.

深圳故事｜宝安县“五立五撤”的风云变幻

宝安县“五立五撤”的风云变幻

The ‘five establishments and five withdrawals’ of Bao’an County

翻开“宝安县”的史册，最早可上溯至东晋咸和六年（公元331年），迄今已有一千六百多年的历史。在悠悠历史中，宝安县经过了“五立五撤”的风云变幻。

With a history of more than 1,600 years, Bao’an County can be traced back to the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In its long history, Bao’an County has undergone “five establishments and five withdrawals.”

 

自秦始皇统一岭南，在岭南设立郡、县后，深圳地区一直尚未单独置县。直到东晋咸和六年（公元331年），分南海郡之东为东官郡，下辖宝安、怀安、兴宁、海丰、海安、欣乐（惠阳）六个县，宝安为六县之首，这也是深圳地区设县的开始（此为“一立”）。

The county system was not established in the area around Shenzhen even though such a system was established in Lingnan after Emperor Qinshihuang unified the region in the Qin Dynasty. In AD 331, the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Dongguan Prefecture, which was formerly part of Nanhai Prefecture, was established, with Bao’an, Huai’an, Xingning, Haifeng, Hai’an and Xinle County (Huiyang) under its jurisdiction. This was the beginning of the establishment of Shenzhen’s county system (the first establishment).

《晋书·地理志》（下）有关设立东官郡的记载（原书藏于中国国家图书馆）

The records of the establishment of Dongguan County in the geography volume of the “Annals of the Jin Dynasty.” (The original copy is preserved in the National Library of China.)

从梁天监六年（公元507年）到隋开皇十年（公元590年），东官郡经历了改名、建制被撤、被废，宝安县的归属也随之发生变化，初唐至开元末，宝安县一度被裁撤并入东莞县（此为“一撤”）。

Thereafter, from AD 507 to AD 590, Dongguan Prefecture had undergone the name change and the withdrawal and abolition of its organizational system. Consequently, the affiliation of Bao’an County changed. From the early Tang Dynasty to the end of the Kaiyuan reign in the Tang Dynasty, Bao’an County was once abolished and incorporated into Dongguan County (the first withdrawal).

 

唐天宝元年（公元742年）后，宝安县恢复建制（此为“二立”）。15年后，唐至德二年（公元757年），宝安县被并入了东莞县（此为“二撤”）。唐贞元年间（公元785-805年），宝安县再次恢复建制（此为“三立”）。中唐以后，宝安县建制又被撤销，深圳地区划归东莞县管辖（此为“三撤”）。之后的近八百年间，宝安县再未复置。

After AD 742, Bao’an County was re-established (the second establishment). However, after 15 years, Bao’an County was again incorporated into Dongguan County (the second withdrawal). During AD 785 and AD 805, Bao’an County resumed its establishment yet again (the third establishment). After the Middle Tang Dynasty, Bao’an County was abolished again and incorporated into Dongguan County (the third withdrawal). Since then, Bao’an County had not been re-established for nearly 800 years after the “two establishments and two withdrawals.”

 

明隆庆七年（公元1573年），朝廷批准在原宝安地区设立新安县。到了1914年1月，全国行政区域整编，新安县因与河南省新安县同名，又复称宝安县，隶属不变（此为“四立”）。1949年，宝安县人民政府成立。1979年3月5日，国务院批复同意宝安县改设为深圳市，以宝安县的行政区域为深圳市的行政区域，由广东省和惠阳地区双重领导（此为“四撤”）。

In AD 1573, the imperial government approved the establishment of Xin’an County in the former Bao’an area. In January 1914, when the national administrative regions were reorganized, Xin’an County was renamed Bao’an County without changing its administrative subordination (the fourth establishment). In 1979, the State Council approved the change of Bao’an County into Shenzhen City. Under the dual leadership of Guangdong Province and Huiyang Prefecture (the fourth withdrawal), the administrative region of Bao’an County was allocated to that of Shenzhen City.

 

深圳建市之初，1981年10月，宝安县恢复建制，辖深圳经济特区以外的原宝安县地（此为“五立”）。1993年1月，宝安县又被撤销建制，改设为宝安、龙岗两个市辖区。作为行政建制的宝安县，由此完全退出历史舞台（此为“五撤”）。

In October 1981, Bao’an County resumed its establishment and exercised jurisdiction over the area outside the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone in former Bao’an County (the fifth establishment). In January 1993, Bao’an County was abolished and two districts, Bao’an and Longgang, were established. Thereafter, Bao’an County was thoroughly withdrawn (the fifth withdrawal).

深圳故事｜还记得昔日的香蜜湖度假村吗？

还记得昔日的香蜜湖度假村吗？

Remembering the Honey Lake Resort Village

在深圳的改革开放进程中，香蜜湖度假村是一个特殊的存在，它承载着老一代深圳人的城市记忆。

The Honey Lake Resort Village was a special landmark both in the course of Shenzhen’s reform and opening up and in Shenzhen people’s memory.

 

1981年8月3日，广东省经济特区管理委员会同意兴办香蜜湖度假村。同年，香蜜湖度假村动工建设，选址位于福田区深南大道西段，围绕香蜜湖而建，占地约140万平方米，建筑面积约43万平方米。

On August 3, 1981, the Guangdong Provincial Committee for the Administration of Special Economic Zones agreed to build a resort in the Xiangmi Lake area on Shennan Boulevard West in Futian District. Construction on the resort began in the same year. The resort was expected to cover an area of 1.4 million square meters with a floor area of around 430,000 square meters.

 

1985年，香蜜湖度假村开业，运营着我国当时最大的游乐园——中国娱乐城，并建设了全国首个赛马运动俱乐部、多座豪华宾馆及人工湖，成为国内规模最大、设施最齐全的休闲娱乐场所，集吃、住、行、游、购、娱于一体，风靡深港两地，也不断吸引着国内外来深的游客。1997年，深圳开展了“鹏城十景”的评选活动，香蜜湖度假村入选，成为深圳旅游的名片。

The resort opened to the public in 1985, and included the China Amusement Park, which was then the largest amusement park in China, China’s first horse racing club, several luxury hotels and a massive artificial lake. It was the largest and the best-equipped resort village in China, acquiring reputations among visitors at home and abroad for its catering, accommodation, sightseeing, amusement and shopping facilities. It was named as one of the top 10 scenic spots of Shenzhen in 1997.

1989年拍摄的香蜜湖北片区域旧貌（图片征集自摄影师马树华）

A view of the north area of the Honey Lake Resort Village. Photo courtesy of Ma Shuhua

后来，因时代发展需要，香蜜湖度假村片区进行了业态调整和产业升级。1999年，红荔西路开工建设，香蜜湖度假村被分为香蜜湖北区和中区。北区包括新建楼盘、1979文化创意园、群众体育公园等，中区建有“香蜜湖美食城”，划分了家居、汽车销售及维修区域，吸引大量市民前往，这些曾经响亮的地名都是不少老深圳人绕不开的回忆。

Later, the resort restructured and updated its business due to the needs of urban development. In 1999, construction on Hongli Road West was started, which divided the resort village into two areas: the north area with housing estates, the 1979 Cultural Creative Park and a civic sports center, and the central area with a food plaza and several furniture and 4S automobile stores.

 

然而，由于香蜜湖度假村内存在大量过期临时建筑和违法建筑，易产生安全隐患，2019年，香蜜湖片区正式启动综合整治行动，香蜜湖度假村被纳入改造范围。档案资料显示，2020年11月底，综合整治行动已全面完成，拥有38年历史的香蜜湖度假村也与深圳人挥手告别。

However, to eradicate the old temporary and illegal buildings that posed potential safety hazards in the resort village, the authority started an urban renovation project in the area in 2019 and had cleared out 1.35 million square meters of land occupied by illegal buildings by November 2020. The 38-year-old Honey Lake Resort Village eventually bid farewell to citizens in Shenzhen.

深圳故事｜名扬海外的甘坑凉帽

名扬海外的甘坑凉帽

Gankeng Hakka summer hat

客家人戴凉帽的习俗，至今已有近千年的历史。与传统竹笠不同，客家凉帽“帽如其名”，是一顶客家人干活时，可以遮阳避日、带来凉爽的帽子。它虽然也由竹篾编制而成，但它的帽沿垂下了一圈四五寸长的布帘，可以抵挡风吹日晒。帽子顶端开有直径约为十五公分的圆孔，便于透气和露出发髻，整体造型美观，轻巧透气，因此得以流行。

The Hakka tradition of wearing summer hats could be dated back to nearly 1,000 years ago. A Hakka summer hat is made of bamboo strips and hemmed with a circle of curtain that protects the wearer from sunshine while they work in the field. On the top of the hat, there is a hole of 15 centimeters in diameter, which brings in air and accommodates the wearer’s hair bun and is thus highly popular among Hakka people.

客家妇女头戴凉帽（图片为市档案馆馆藏）

TheHakka women wearing summer hats. (The photo is now in the Shenzhen Archives)

深圳的甘坑村（即现在的甘坑客家小镇），位于龙岗区布吉街道往北十五公里的小山坳里，因客家凉帽制作技艺而闻名于海内外。甘坑凉帽的制作历史，从清嘉庆年间算起，距今已有两百多年。甘坑凉帽的帽帘为黑色，帽顶是竹的原色，编织花纹很有特点，有“四皮囊一皮青”的满天星和“三皮囊一皮青”的娥眉花两种。深圳建市后，甘坑村也因家家户户都以编织凉帽为生，被命名为“凉帽村”。

Gankeng Village, currently known as Gankeng Hakka Town, is hidden in the mountains to the north of Buji Subdistrict in Longgang District. It is known for making Hakka summer hats, a technique that could be dated from 200 years ago. The hats, with black curtains, feature two unique woven patterns. After the establishment of Shenzhen as a municipality, Gankeng Village was named “Liangmao Village” as many of the villagers made a living on weaving liangmao, or summer hats.

一门手艺的传承最需要的是手艺人的坚守，甘坑凉帽的制作技艺也是如此。凉帽村制作帽子有天然的优势，村里所产的“单竹”很特别，头尾等粗，竹节较长，易于片成想要的厚度。作为典型的传统手工技艺，甘坑凉帽的生产流程繁杂，共有33个工序，包括竹织、扫桐油、弥帽、上帽这四个环节，其中的绝活——以口撕篾最为精彩，可以用牙齿撕出像纸一样薄的篾条。这些都是手艺人在反复实践中总结出来的经验和技巧。

Gankeng Hakka summer hats are made of a special kind of bamboo with even stalks and long sections, which is easy to be made into strips. The traditional process of making summer hats includes 33 procedures. One of the most amazing procedures is tearing bamboo strips as thin as paper with one’s teeth. 

上世纪50年代，凉帽村被中国工艺品进出口公司广东省分公司定为全省唯一凉帽外贸生产基地。当时，凉帽村办了1000多平方米的凉帽工厂，每月可生产4500多顶帽子，其中一半出口到港澳、东南亚和英国、荷兰等地，深受海外华侨客家妇女的喜爱。

In the 1950s, the village was designated by the Guangdong branch of China National Arts & Crafts Imp. & Exp. Co., LTD as the only manufacturing base of summer hats for foreign trade. Back then, a summer hat factory with a total area of more than 1,000 square meters was set up in the village, producing more than 4,500 hats per month. Around half of the hats were exported to Hong Kong and Macao as well as overseas countries and regions including the UK, the Netherlands, and Southeast Asian countries as these hats were popular among overseas Chinese Hakka women.

客家凉帽对研究客家妇女摒弃“女人不抛头露面”的古中原遗风，具有一定参考价值。凉帽的图案花纹、技艺传承口诀以及“穗带”佩戴的识别等风俗，又具有文化价值。2007年，客家凉帽被列入深圳市第一批市级非物质文化遗产代表作名录。2013年，客家凉帽制作技艺被列入广东省第五批非物质文化遗产名录。

The patterns, manufacturing techniques, and the traditional way of wearing a hat all embrace high cultural value. In 2007, Hakka summer hat was listed as one of the first batch of intangible cultural heritages of Shenzhen. In 2013, its manufacturing technique was listed into the fifth batch of intangible cultural heritages of Guangdong Province. 

2021年12月，继被央视《新闻联播》《焦点访谈》报道后，《光明日报》头版报道了甘坑凉帽的制作技艺以及“小凉帽”动画片，标志着甘坑凉帽已经成为深圳连接世界的文化代表和符号，焕发出了新的时代魅力。

In December 2021, the crafting techniques and an animation series titled “Little Hakka,” which told stories about a magical Hakka summer hat, were reported by CCTV and then on one of the front pages of Guangming Daily, which implies that Hakka summer hats have become a cultural symbol for Shenzhen’s connection with the rest of the world.

深圳故事｜探寻“沙井蚝”的历史

探寻“沙井蚝”的历史

Looking for the history of Shajing oysters

深圳市宝安区沙井镇有着“千年蚝乡”的美誉，从这里出产的沙井蚝是驰名中外的土特产，也是深圳这座城市独有的记忆。蚝民们的生产习俗，也被列为非物质文化遗产代表项目，延续着深圳珍贵的历史文脉。

Shajing, a small town in Bao’an District, has been known as the 1,000-year-old Hometown of Oysters. The oysters produced in Shajing are not only a local product well-known in China and overseas, but also serves as a unique Shenzhen memory. The traditional practice of farming oysters is listed as an intangible cultural heritage that reflects the cultural texture of the city.

蚝，学名牡蛎。沙井蚝因个体肥壮，色泽乳白，嫩而无沙，口感爽脆，1980年获农牧渔业部“国内质量最佳奖”。因其含有丰富的蛋白质和矿物质，含碘量为牛奶和蛋黄的200倍，又被誉为“海底牛奶”，是一种既营养又美味的食物。用它加工制成的蚝豉和蚝油，也深为中外人士所喜爱，畅销于全国及世界各地。

The oysters produced in Shajing are known for being fat and juicy. In 1980, Shajing oysters won the China’s Best Quality Award by the ministry of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery. The dried oysters and oyster oil processed from Shajing oysters are also popular all over the world.

你了解过蚝的养殖历史吗？“薄宦游海乡，雅闻归靖蚝。”北宋诗人梅尧臣的诗句是我国人工养蚝最早的文字记载，“归靖蚝”“靖康蚝”都是沙井蚝的古称。明清时期，沙井蚝业发展迅速。明万历年间，蚝民发明了以罐瓦陶片为附着器养蚝的新方法。新中国成立后，随着沙井蚝养殖规模进一步扩大，沙井成立了蚝业合作社，该合作社于1956年、1957年被评为“模范合作社”，1958年获得了“国务院奖状”。

Oyster farming in Shajing originated during the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) and prospered in the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1912). Between 1573 and 1620, oyster farmers invented a new way to raise oysters by utilizing ceramic tiles. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, an oyster farming cooperative was founded in Shajing. In 1956 and 1957, it was honored as a model cooperative, and in 1958, it received a certificate of merit awarded by the State Council.

1983年前后，蚝民们引进新技术，用浮筏将蚝吊起来养殖。这样做的好处是，能培育出不带泥味、饱满肥美的蚝肉，同时避免了蚝受到淤泥覆盖而死亡的问题。也是从这一年起，沙井以异地养殖为突破口，在阳江、台山、惠东沿海打造了三个新的养殖基地。就这样，一代代沙井人将传统品牌完好保存了下来，沙井蚝的发展“堪称广东水产史上的奇迹”。实行改革开放后，沙井蚝田面积不断扩大，产量提升，促进了蚝村经济繁荣，为深圳创造了良好的经济效益。

Around 1983, oyster farmers in Shajing adopted a new technique that raised oysters on rafts. In this way, they could not only harvest fat oysters free of the smell of mud, but also solved the problem of oysters dying from being enveloped in mud. In the same year, Shajing built three farming bases in Yangjiang, Taishan and Huidong. After the reform and opening up, the Shajing oyster farms were expanded with growing yield, which not only boosted Shajing’s economic development, but also facilitated the economic output of Shenzhen.

蚝民采蚝

Oyster farmers are harvesting oysters.

沙井蚝民们在长期的生产生活中，形成了一套完整、讲究、科学的生产习俗，具有一定的历史、文化和经济价值。在2007年、2022年，沙井蚝民生产习俗先后被深圳市人民政府、广东省人民政府列为第一批市级非物质文化遗产代表项目和第八批省级非物质文化遗产代表性项目。

During their long-term development of farming, Shajing’s oyster farmers have established a comprehensive, specific and scientific system of oyster raising, which is valuable in terms of history, culture and economic development. In 2007 and 2022, the oyster raising practice of Shajing was listed as an intangible cultural heritage respectively by the Shenzhen and Guangdong governments.

从2004年至今，沙井镇每年都会在年末举办沙井金蚝美食民俗文化节，人们可以在这个节日回忆历史，感受深圳独特的民俗文化，展望来年的美好生活。

At the end of each year since 2004, an oyster cultural festival is held at Shajing, where people can look back on the history, enjoy the local folk culture, and look forward to the beautiful life of the next year.