深圳故事｜大万世居：有着400多个房间的客家围屋

大万世居：有着400多个房间的客家围屋

Wanshi Habitat: A Hakka round house with more than 400 rooms

在深圳，曾有这样一群客家人，他们共同居住在一座有着400多个房间的客家围屋里。这座围屋至今仍保存完好，是国内占地面积最大的方形客家围屋之一，也是深圳最大的一座清代中期客家围屋，并留存着当时建造的人工水利工程，它就是大万世居。

Not all Hakka round houses are round: In Shenzhen, a group of Hakka people once lived together in a Hakka round house with more than 400 rooms. The Wanshi Habitat, as one of the largest square Hakka round houses in China and the largest Hakka round house in Shenzhen during the middle Qing Dynasty, is still well preserved. Also, its artificial hydraulic engineering system is still functioning well.

鸟瞰大万世居

A bird’s-eye view of the Wanshi Habitat.

大万世居位于深圳市坪山区马峦街道坪环社区大万村大万路33号，开基始祖曾传周，字端义，出生于坪山三洋湖村，后迁于今址开基造屋。大万世居始建于清乾隆中期（约1763年），于乾隆五十六年（公元1791年）前建成，距今有两百多年的历史。

Located at 33 Dawan Road, Dawan Village, Pinghuan Community, Maluan Subdistrict, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, the Wanshi Habitat, which has a history of more than 200 years, began construction in 1763 and the project was finished in 1791. The founder of the Wanshi Habitat, Zeng Chuanzhou, was born in Sanyanghu Village, Pingshan District.

 

大万世居主体建筑占地1.5万平方米，是以宗祠为中心来组织院落的古代建筑群，它包括阁楼、门楼、围墙、水井、天井、民房、内围龙和石牌坊等。它前有月池，左有鱼池，后有“沙墩陂”（古代水利工程）相连接，整体布局合理，是具有中国民族特色的园林式古代民居建筑，具有重要的历史、科学研究价值。

Centering on the clan temple, the main building of the Wanshi Habitat, which is an ancient architecture complex, covers an area of 15,000 square meters. It includes attics, gateway towers, inner and outer walls, wells, court yards, private houses, an inner enclosure, a stone archway and other structures. The overall layout of the Wanshi Habitat is well designed. There is a moon pool in front of it, a fishpond on its left and a sand mound (for hydraulic engineering work) at its back. In a word, it is a garden-style ancient residential building with Chinese national characteristics and bears important historical and scientific research value.

 

大万世居呈城堡式“宝斗”（旧时一种正方形赌具）形，以中轴线为对称轴，形成多层复合结构。围屋有内、外两重墙，内、外墙四角有高三层的楼阁（亦可称碉楼或炮楼）。除了布局、造型独特之外，大万世居也留存着许多客家民俗。自1983年起，曾氏家族每年春节都会在这里举行祭祖大典，组织舞麒麟、祭祖先、放鞭炮等活动，场面十分壮观。

The Wanshi Habitat is in the shape of a castle “baodou” (a square gambling device used during ancient times), with the central axis as the axis of symmetry, forming a multi-layer composite structure. There are two walls inside and outside the house, and three-story high pavilions (also known as watchtowers or gun turrets) at the four corners of both the inner and outer walls. In addition to the unique layout and shape, many Hakka folk customs have been preserved in the Wanshi Habitat. Since 1983, the Zeng family has held an annual ancestor worship ceremony here during the Spring Festival, organizing activities such as unicorn dances, ancestor worship and setting off firecrackers, all of which are spectacular events to see.

大万世居内院

The inner court of the Wanshi Habitat.

1984年，大万世居被列为深圳市重点文物保护单位。2002年7月，大万世居被列为广东省重点文物保护单位。2018年，大万世居被列入深圳市提升改造的“十大特色文化街区”之一。这座建成于乾隆时期的客家围屋，在周围现代化建筑的簇拥中，向八方来客讲述着自己独具特色的沧桑故事。

In 1984, the Wanshi Habitat was listed as an important cultural heritage protection unit of Shenzhen. In July 2002, it was listed as an important cultural heritage protection unit of Guangdong Province. In 2018, the Wanshi Habitat was listed as one of the “10 distinctive cultural blocks” to be upgraded in Shenzhen. Surrounded by modern buildings, this Hakka round house, built during the Qianlong period, tells its unique story to its visitors from all over the world.