在五千年的中华文明史中，有一位步入神坛的民间女子，人称“天后”，又名“妈祖”“天妃”。受其事迹广泛影响，天后行祠，遍布沿海。其中有一座规模宏大、殿宇巍峨的庙宇，坐落于深圳市南山区赤湾村旁小南山下，它就是被誉为清代“新安八景”之首的赤湾天后宫。
At the foot of Xiaonanshan Mountain next to Chiwan Village, there sits an imposing temple, Chiwan Tianhou Temple, which was rated at the top of the “eight scenic spots of Xin’an” in the Qing Dynasty (1636-1912).
传说，妈祖的原型是北宋初年生于福建莆田湄洲的一位民间女子——林默，因冒险在海上救人不幸遇难，后羽化升仙，成为了海上女神。沿海地区居民在海上遇险时，会向妈祖求救，出海前会到庙宇祭拜，祈求平安归来。后来，这一信仰传至全国，妈祖得到宋王朝的破格敕封，成为国家海神；明洪武、永乐加封两次“天妃”，清康熙始封“天后”。由此，民间的“妈祖”一步步演化成为国家级偶像“天后”。
The Tianhou Temple, also known as Mazu Temple, is a temple honoring the Chinese goddess Mazu, who is the goddess of the sea and the patron deity of fishermen, sailors and all occupations related to the sea and oceans.
赤湾天后宫原名为“天妃庙”，始建年代已不可考，但有文献记载，它是“新安八景”中首景“赤湾胜概”中的主景。赤湾天后宫在明清时期多次重修、扩建，《宝安县志》记载，至清末，赤湾天后宫已“有屋大小一百间，里面有许多大小不同的佛像”，计有山门、牌楼、月池、石桥、钟楼、鼓楼、前殿、正殿、后殿、左右偏殿、阳房、长廊、碑亭、角亭等建筑20余处，加上附属建筑、庙产及祀田，占地达900余亩。
Legend has it that the prototype of Mazu was a folk woman called Lin Mo who was born in Meizhou, Putian, Fujian Province, in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty. She died in a tragic accident when risking her life to rescue others at sea and later became a sea goddess. People in coastal areas would worship at the temple before going to sea to pray for a safe return. Later this belief in Mazu spread to the whole country, and Mazu became a national sea goddess. She was given the title of Tianfei (princess of heaven) on two separate occasions during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and the title of Tianhou (goddess) during the Qing Dynasty. Originally, Chiwan Tianhou Temple was named Tianfei Temple and was the top scenic spot of the “eight scenic spots of Xin’an” according to historical records. The temple was rebuilt and expanded several times during the Ming and Qing dynasties. According to the “Annals of Bao’an County,” by the end of the Qing Dynasty, Chiwan Tianhou Temple had 100 houses of different sizes, with many different-sized Buddha statues inside. There were more than 20 buildings, including pagodas, a stone bridge, a bell tower, a drum tower, a front hall, a main hall, a back hall, left and right side halls and pavilions.
赤湾天后宫
Chiwan Tianhou Temple
赤湾天后宫后来遭到一定程度的破坏，直到1992年5月全国文物工作会议召开后，南山区政府开始着手按历史原貌修复赤湾天妃庙，并更名为“赤湾天后宫”。1995年11月1日，赤湾天后宫正殿落成。1997年，天后博物馆成立。1988年，深圳市政府公布赤湾天后宫为市级文物保护单位。历经近千年岁月的融合与沉淀，赤湾天后宫重现辉煌。
Covering more than 600,000 square meters, the temple later experienced some damage. After the National Conference on Cultural Relics that was held in May 1992, the Nanshan District Government began the restoration of the temple based on its original historical form and renamed it Chiwan Tianhou Temple. On November 1, 1995, the main hall of Chiwan Tianhou Temple was completed. In 1997, the Tianhou Museum was established. Earlier in 1988, the Shenzhen Municipal Government announced Chiwan Tianhou Temple as a municipal-level cultural relics protection unit.
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