深圳故事｜南头古城：历史上的岭南盐政中心

南头古城：历史上的岭南盐政中心

Nantou Ancient Town, historic salt administration center of Lingnan

若要探寻深圳历史的起源，一定绕不开南头古城。您知道南头古城是怎样建成的吗？它又是因何发展的呢？

Do you know how Nantou Ancient Town was built and how it developed?

南头古城今貌

Today’s Nantou Ancient Town

盐在我国古代经济、社会中的地位无可替代，“鱼盐富国”从西周起便为历代效法，南头古城也是因盐而兴。俗话说“靠山吃山，靠海吃海”，南头古城之所以能够建成并发展成为后来的行政管理中心和海防要塞，主要得益于其“枕山面海”的优越地理位置，享有“煮海水为盐”得天独厚的资源条件。

Salt was irreplaceable in the economy and society of ancient China. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, salt had been playing a vital role in contributing to ancient China’s economic development and Nantou Ancient Town also benefited from the salt trade. As the old saying goes, people live off what is available. By virtue of its advantageous geographical conditions and abundant natural resources, Nantou Ancient Town was built into an administration center and naval defense fortress.

据史料记载，汉代推出了“盐铁官营”的法令，汉武帝元封元年（公元前110年），国家设置“大农部丞”这一官职，统一管理盐、铁的生产和销售，并在当时全国27个郡国中设立了36处盐官。其中，掌管南头古城盐业的南海郡番禺盐官，因所处地理位置位于东部，而被命名为“东官”。这是深港历史上最早的、极为重要的行政管理建制。三国时期，南头古城一带专门设置了“司盐都尉”掌管盐业。这在明代张二果的《东莞县志·地舆志》有记载：“吴甘露间，始置司盐都尉于东官场。”随着盐业的发达，“岭南盐政中心”南头古城得到了进一步发展。

According to the historical archives, the decree stipulating that “the business of salt and iron should be under the management of the government” was released in the Han Dynasty. In 110 B.C., the government created the “minister of agriculture” position to manage the production and sale of salt and iron. There were 36 salt offices set up in 27 prefectures across the country. The Panyu salt office of Nanhai Prefecture was placed in charge of the salt business of Nantou Ancient Town. This is the earliest and most important administrative establishment directive in the history of Shenzhen and Hong Kong.

东晋咸和六年（公元331年），晋成帝将南海郡一分为二，其东部沿用汉代盐官“东官”之名，设立“东官郡”，可以看出盐业对南头古城一带政治经济发展带来的影响。郡治即今南山区南头古城，东官郡下辖宝安等六个县，辖地包括今深圳、广州番禺南部、东莞、珠海、中山及港澳等地区。在这一时期，作为东官郡治，南头古城已经从盐政中心逐步发展成为粤东南地区的政治、军事、经济和文化中心。

In 331, Dongguan Prefecture was established. During this period, Nantou Ancient Town, as a salt administration center, gradually emerged as the political, military, economic and cultural center in southeastern Guangdong.