深圳故事｜从深圳到全国，票证这样退出历史舞台

从深圳到全国，票证这样退出历史舞台

First in Shenzhen then the rest of China, grain coupons abolished

不用粮票就能买饭后，深圳市场上开始流入高价粮。有粮票的买平价粮，没粮票的买高价粮，这引起了老百姓的不满。与此同时，为了保证居民粮食的定量供应，深圳实行购销倒挂（即“贵买平卖”），政府一直背负着沉重的补贴包袱。

After being able to buy meals without grain coupons, high-priced grains began to flow into the Shenzhen market. Those who had grain coupons could buy food inexpensively, but those who did not have grain coupons had to pay high prices, which aroused public discontent. At the same time, to ensure the stable supply of grain for the citizens, Shenzhen had been practicing the policy of “buying it expensively and selling it cheaply.” Thus the government had been carrying a heavy burden of grain subsidies.

深圳市城镇居民粮籍证

A Shenzhen urban residentgraincertificate.

于是，深圳开始动了彻底取消粮票的念头——放开粮价，让粮食价格随行就市。1984年，深圳市政府召开专题会议，通知各国营粮食部门多储备粮食，提高粮食售价。若发现周边地区来深圳抢购，再想其他法子应对。同时，政府又通过提高职工工资（即增加粮食补助）的方式，解决了职工买不起高价粮的隐患。

Therefore, Shenzhen decided to completely abolish the use of grain coupons. In 1984, the Shenzhen Municipal Government held a special meeting, announcing that the State-run grain departments should start to stockpile more grain and increase the selling price. At the same time, to make sure that the residents could afford the grain, the Shenzhen government also raised the residents’ wages by increasing food subsidies.

就这样，1984年11月1日，深圳经济特区率先取消粮票，放开了对粮油、猪肉的价格，由凭证定量供应改为议价购销。也就是说，粮油等副食品可以由交易双方商定价格购买或销售。当天，深圳大大小小的粮店均张贴告示：即日起，买粮不需粮本，三号大米每斤由0.146元调到0.29元。

On November 1, 1984, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone took the lead in abolishing grain coupons and liberalizing the prices of grain, oil and pork. On that day, all of the grain stores in Shenzhen posted notices, stating that from now on, anyone can buy grains without the grain certificate and the price of No. 3 rice per 500 grams rose from 0.146 yuan to 0.29 yuan.

1993年，根据国务院《关于加快粮食流通体制改革的通知》，自当年4月1日起，取消粮票和油票，实行粮油商品敞开供应。1994年，全国各地基本取消粮票，票证时代彻底终结，至此，伴随城镇居民近40年历程的各种票证正式退出历史舞台。

In 1993, according to the Notice on Accelerating the Reform of the Grain Circulation System issued by the State Council, since April 1 of that year, all grain and oil coupons were abolished and the open supply of grain and oil was implemented. In 1994, the grain coupons were abolished throughout the country and the era of coupons came to its end. As a result, all kinds of coupons, which had accompanied the Chinese urban residents for nearly 40 years, officially disappeared from the historical stage.